As smart home technology becomes more widespread, robotic vacuum cleaners have become an essential cleaning tool in modern households. During the development of these devices, two major design challenges stand out: battery life and system reliability. Motors, as the primary actuating components, directly affect the robot's performance and user experience.
The system block diagram below (Figure 1) shows the typical architecture of a robotic vacuum cleaner, where the main controller (MCU) coordinates multiple subsystems. The motor selection and drive design are key factors in achieving long runtime and stable operation. This article introduces five types of motors commonly used in robotic vacuums, their application scenarios, drive requirements, and recommended product models.
Main Suction Motor: High Current and High-Speed Core Component
The suction motor generates vacuum airflow to collect dust and debris and is the highest power-consuming part of the robot. It requires high-speed operation and strong suction capability, typically with a working current of 3–4A and peak currents up to 8A. To improve efficiency and reduce noise, brushless DC motors (BLDC) with dedicated drivers are commonly used.
Note: Lihua Motor does not currently supply high-power brushless motors for suction modules.
Bidirectional Drive Wheel Motor: Low Speed, High Torque with Protection Feedback
Drive wheel motors enable forward, reverse, and steering movement, forming the core of path execution. Most current robotic vacuum models feature dual independent wheel drive, which enhances obstacle avoidance and flexibility. These motors are typically low-speed, high-torque brushed DC motors with RMS current under 1A, and must provide sufficient torque to navigate complex surfaces such as carpets or thresholds. Additionally, current monitoring is essential to detect jams or abnormal loads and provide feedback to the MCU.
⇒Recommended Product:
RF-520TB Brushed DC Motor, 33mm Diameter, Metal Housing
Main Brush Motor: Agitation and Dust Collection
The main brush motor, located in the center of the robot, drives the roller brush to stir up debris and assist the vacuum process. This motor operates at medium speed with an RMS current of about 3A, and requires strong load endurance and consistent rotation. Brushed DC motors are widely used for their reliability and cost-efficiency.
⇒Recommended Product:
RS-380 Dual Shaft 12V Brushed Motor, Ideal for Main Brush Applications
Side Brush Motor: Edge Cleaning Enhancement
Side brush motors are positioned at the edges of the robot to sweep dust from walls and corners toward the main brush. Depending on the model, robots may use one or two unidirectional mid-speed motors, typically with RMS current below 1A. These motors must be compact, low-noise, and consistent in performance.
⇒Recommended Product:
RK-500TB 32mm Diameter Brushed DC Motor for Side Brush
LiDAR Sensor Motor: The Robot’s “Eyes”
LiDAR modules rely on small motors to rotate the laser sensor, enabling obstacle detection and SLAM-based navigation. These motors must operate quietly and continuously with minimal vibration. Brushed micro motors are commonly selected due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness.
⇒Recommended Product:
RF-500 Custom 12V Brushed Micro Motor for LiDAR Modules
A typical robotic vacuum integrates 6 to 7 micro DC motors, powering components such as the suction fan, drive wheels, brushes, and sensors. With 20 years of industry experience, Lihua Motor offers complete motor solutions, including customization, gear integration, wire harness assembly, capacitor soldering, and EMC optimization.
For more product information or to request motor samples and technical support, please visit: www.dcminimotors.com
